Vinny+LaMonica

**Albert Einstein ** By Vin LaMonica and Michael Bride   BORN ON MARCH 14, 1879  DIED ON APRIL 18, 1955 =**"A man should look for what is, **and not for what he thinks should be." -Albert Einstein = = = = = =** "Anyone who has never made a mistake has never tried anything new." -Albert Einstein **=

 



<span style="font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;">  <span style="border-color: rgb(0, 0, 255); border-width: 0px; display: inline-block; font-size: 0px; background-image: none; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;"><span style="font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;"> ===<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;"><span style="font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;">Albert Einstein was born on March 14, 1879 in Ulm, one of the southern citystates of the German Empire. However, he moved very often, starting his school career in Luitpold Gymnasium, and a secondary school in Munich, which now bares the name Albert Einstein Gymnasium. Later, he moved to Italy and then to Aarau, Switzerland, where he furthered his education. He then studied at the [| Swiss federal polytechnic school,] <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;"><span style="font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;">  also known as the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Zurich. This is where he obtained his degree in teaching physics and mathematics. Albert Einstein, unable to find any teaching positions, later went to work at the Swiss Patent Office. This is where he thought of some of his largest theories such as the theory of relativity, and moved on to higher positions in universities, such as the professer of theoretical physics in prague until he was appointed Director of the Kaiser Wilhelm Physical Institute and Professor in the University of Berlin. After this, he denounced his german citizenship and moved to America, working as a professor at Princeton and obtaining an American citizenship. At the onset of World War II, Einstein was afraid of the german projects to create atomic bombs. With the help of his friend [|Leo Szilard], Einstein wrote a [|letter to Franklin Delano Roosevelt] about the necessity of atomic bombs. This letter would be the start of the Manhattan Project, the military group that created the atomic bomb.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;"><span style="font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;"> He was selected to be the president of Israel, which he declined. Albert Einstein died on April 18, 1955, in Princton, New Jersey. For more information on the biography of Albert Einstein, click [|here.]===

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===<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;"><span style="font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;">Albert Einstein did a lot of various works on various subjects, other than the photoelectric effect. For information on his other works like the theory of relativity, click [|here]. === ===<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;"><span style="font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;"> Einstein theorized that the photoelectric effect was caused by the absorbtion of photons from light waves. But first, we should go over the basic backround in light waves. === ===<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;"><span style="font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;"><span style="font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;">  <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;"><span style="font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;">  <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;"><span style="font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;">  ===

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===<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;"><span style="font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;"> Before understanding what certain amount of energy is needed, one must understand how much energy is given off by light. Light has various colors, based on the wavelength, which correlates to energy. Wavelength is measured in nanometers. The wavelength of any color of light is the distance between the two crests of the waves of light. Light is indeed a wave. Every color of light has a different nanometer. Purple and Ultraviolet light have a low nanometer, whereas Red and Infa Red light have high wavelengths. Using the following equation, we can determine the frequency of any color light. Frequency is the number of waves that go by in one seconds, and is measure in inverse seconds. ===

where (Energy of Light) = 3.0 E8

 * so (Wavelength) x (Frequency) = 3.0 E8

**

Thus, a higher wavelength creates a lower frequency, and vice versa...
===  And now on to the explanation of the photoelectric effect. The photoelelectric effect is a phenomenon that occurs when electrons are ejected from an object through the absorption of electromagnetic radiation. There were a few theories about the photoelectric effect, such as that of [|J.J thomson] and [|Heinrick Hertz.] Hertz worked with spark gaps and and Thomsons worked with electrons. Einstein enters with an explanation of why the photoelectric is caused and equations for experiments. For more information on the history or causes of the photoelectric effect, click [|here.]  ===

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=== So here is where it all starts. Einstein started to theorize that the photoelectric effect was caused by packets of light called quanta back then and is now called photons. He wrote a paper, titled [|"On a Heuristic Viewpoint Concerning the Production and Transformation of Light".] In the paper, he describes how light photons could create the photoelectric effect. He stated that the FREQUENCY of light, not the INTENSITY, affects ENERGY. if you click this link right [|here,] you will get to the PHeT simulator of the photo electric effect, where you can understand the correlation by adjusting wavelengths. Having a high intensity does not matter with a high wavelength; the high wavelength photons eject no electrons. He stated that low frequency, high intensity waves were not strong enough to extract electrons, but a high frequency, low intensity wave could dislodge some electrons. His ideas were strongly resisted because it contradicted James Clerk Maxwell's equations for electromagnetic behavior. However, in 1915, his theories were proven by [|Robert Andrew Millikan,] who was actually attempting to disprove Einstein's theory. Einstein was given the [|Nobel prize for physics] in 1921. ===

http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/1921/einstein-bio.html "The Quantum Revolution" by Kent A. Peacock http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Einstein