Andrew+Kerensky

 **//__Werner Heisenberg __// **


 Werner Heisenberg was born in Wurzberg Germany on December 5th, 1901. After studying physics and getting his Ph.D. from the [|University of Munich] in 1923, he went on to study under renowned scientists [|Max Born], at the University of Gottingen, and [|Niels Bohr] in Copenhagen. While assisting these scientists, he invented quantum mechanics; no small feat for a man in his early 20's. Because of his great success, he was awarded with a professorship in Theoretical Physics at the [|University of Leipzig]. In 1927, Heisenberg made his biggest discover in the Uncertainty Principle, which states that if a scientist measure one quantity of a particle, then it makes another quantity uncertain, or imprecise. For his work with [|Quantum Mechanics], Heisenberg won the [|Nobel Prize in Physics], in 1932. Despite Heisenberg's abstention from politics, he was forced to become involved with the German fission research efforts attempting to make the first atomic bomb. Many believe that the failure of the Germans to make the first Atomic bomb was due to Heisenberg's unwillingness to put such a powerful weapon into [|Nazi control]. Heisenberg would go on to be made director of the [|Kaiser Wilhelm Institute for Physics in Gottingen], in 1942 where he would stay until he retired in 1970. Heisenberg died on February 1st, 1976 due to gall bladder and kidney cancer, at his home in Munich, Germany.

__**Heisenberg's Uncertainty Principle**__

The Uncertainty Principle is important to mechanics, because it is the reason behind the fact that you can't know the exact position and exact velocity of an [|electron] simultaneously. This principle affects experiments greatly, because if you attempt to measure the position of an electron in an experiment, then the carrying out of the experiment will make a change in the velocity, making it uncertain. This dilemma becomes a Catch 22, because if you conducted an experiment to find the velocity of an electron, than the experiment will change the position of the electron. Therefore, the principle simply explains that it is impossible to know both values with precision at one time. Heisenberg's Uncertainty Principle can be explained in math terms as "(x)(p)h" where x represents the particle's position, p represents the particles momentum, and h represents [|Planck's Constant] (6.626 x 10¯²⁷.) Because Planck's constant is so small, this means that in large-scale experiments, the Uncertainty Principle is not very evident, however it does become evident in smaller scaled situations, in which an inequality forms. media type="youtube" key="KT7xJ0tjB4A" height="354" width="436" "The more precisely  the     position is determined, the less precisely the momentum is known " //-Werner Heisenberg// 

**__Heisenberg's Microscope__**

Criticized by some including Niels Bohr, another work of Heisenberg includes his thought up experiment about a microscope. Although never preformed the experiment offers as a basis to many other ideas, but it also leads to some common misconceptions about Quantum Mechanics. Heisenberg's theoretical experiment can also be used to back up his uncertainty principle, because it relates to the position and momentum of a small particle. The reason for this experiment never being tested is due to the fact that you cannot see an electron, [|photon], or [|nucleus] through a microscope. In Heisenberg's thought up experiment he imagines shooting a photon at an electron and through that measuring the position and momentum of the electron. If the photon's momentum is large, and therefore its wavelength is small, the photon's position could be measured, but it would go in a random direction giving the electron an uncertain amount of momentum. The same goes for if a photon has a large wavelength and a small momentum, in the collision with the electron, the position will be uncertain, but the momentum of the photon and the transferred momentum to the electron won't change very much. If you use a small aperature on the microscope you will be able to discover the photon's momentum fairly easy and the momentum transferred to the electron, but the position of the electron will be uncertain. If you use a large aperature on the microscope the results will be the other way around, the position of the electron will be easily seen, but the momentum of the photon and the momentum transferred to the electron will be uncertain. The product of the uncertainty in the momentum and position is equal to small factor greater than or equal to Planck's constant. Heisenberg's Microscope is an example of how his Uncertainty Principle works.<span style="color: rgb(85,26,139);"><span style="color: rgb(0,0,0);"> "If one wants to be clear about what is meant by 'position of an object,' for example of an electron..., then one has to specify definite experiments by which the 'position of an electron' can be measured; otherwise this term has no meaning at all."

//-Werner Heisenberg//

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;"> **__Work Cited__** <span style="color: rgb(85,26,139);">

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;"><span style="color: rgb(85,26,139);"> __**Images and Videos(In order as they appear)**__ http://www.ostheimer.at/mambo/images/stories/Werner_Heisenberg_Tafel.jpg http://www.springtimepublishers.com/images/Werner_Heisenberg.jpg http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KT7xJ0tjB4A&eurl http://www.woodwardweb.com/WindowsLiveWriter/TheMeasurementDilemma_A0E1/heisenberg_uncertainty_principle.gif http://farside.ph.utexas.edu/teaching/qmech/lectures/img338.png

The American Institute of Physics -- Physics Publications and Resources__. 08 Jan. 2009[|.]**[|://www.aip.org/history/heisenberg/p08b.htm]
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<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">"Heisenberg's uncertainty principle." __Home Page for Richard Fitzpatrick__. 08 Jan. 2009 <http://farside.ph.utexas.edu/teaching/qmech/lectures/node26.html>. [|://farside.ph.utexas.edu/teaching/qmech/lectures/node26.html] <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;"> [|://www.aip.org/history/heisenberg/p01.htm__**]__**__ Garrett Schwab: Werner Heisenberg Biography, Uncertainty Principle Andrew Kerensky: Heisenberg's Microscope, Hyperlinks, Work Cited, Media was a shared effort.