Carbon+dioxide+and+the+climate+change

 Rachel Murad Matt Samuels




 * Greenhouse Effect: by definition the greenhouse effect is the climate change due to the increase of emissions of the following: water vapor, carbon dioxide, nitrous oxide and methane **

above found on: []

**Fast Facts: **

 Country emissions (Top 10) (1000 tons of C) || //Per capita emissions // (tons/capita) || //Per capita emissions // (rank) ||  ||  This table found on and continued on: []
 * CO2 is also known as carbonic acid gas and carbonic anhydride
 * 6.3 Ibs of gasoline can make 20b Ibs of CO2
 * <span style="font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;">carbon dioxide is emitted through natural carbon cycle and by human activity for example burnig fossil fuels
 * <span style="font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;">billions of tons of CO2 in the atmoshpere are removed by oceans and growing plants
 * <span style="font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;">CO2 concentration has increased because of human activity
 * <span style="font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;">there are new businesses that are focusing on cutting down the use of carbon.
 * <span style="font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;">biggest sources or CO2 emissions are burning of fossil fuels examples of fossil fuels are coal, oil, and gas, other sources include automobiles, and industrial factories.
 * <span style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-top-width: 0px;">//<span style="font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;">Country // || <span style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-top-width: 0px;">//<span style="font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;">Total emissions //
 * <span style="font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;">1. United States || <span style="font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;">1,650,020 || <span style="font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;">5.61 || <span style="font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;">(9) ||  ||
 * <span style="font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;">2. China (mainland) || <span style="font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;">1,366,554 || <span style="font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;">1.05 || <span style="font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;">(92) ||  ||
 * <span style="font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;">3. Russian Federation || <span style="font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;">415,951 || <span style="font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;">2.89 || <span style="font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;">(28) ||  ||
 * <span style="font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;">4. India || <span style="font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;">366,301 || <span style="font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;">0.34 || <span style="font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;">(129) ||  ||
 * <span style="font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;">5. Japan || <span style="font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;">343,117 || <span style="font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;">2.69 || <span style="font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;">(33) ||  ||
 * <span style="font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;">6. Germany || <span style="font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;">220596 || <span style="font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;">2.67 || <span style="font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;">(36) ||  ||
 * <span style="font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;">7. Canada || <span style="font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;">174,401 || <span style="font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;">5.46 || <span style="font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;">(10) ||  ||
 * <span style="font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;">8. United Kingdom || <span style="font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;">160,179 || <span style="font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;">2.67 || <span style="font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;">(37) ||  ||
 * <span style="font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;">9. Republic of Korea || <span style="font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;">127,007 || <span style="font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;">2.64 || <span style="font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;">(39) ||  ||
 * <span style="font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;">10. Italy (including San Marino) || <span style="font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;">122,726 || <span style="font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;">2.12 || <span style="font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;">(50) ||

<span style="font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;"> info found: [] <-- conclusions can also be found on the website
 * <span style="font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;">NOAA research - workshop on how the Ocean is affected by the incredible amount of CO2 emmisions **
 * <span style="font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;">over the past 20 years only 1/2 of the carbon emissions made by us(humans of course) remains in the atmospere
 * <span style="font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;">other 50% = 30% in oceans 20% in terrestrial biosphere
 * <span style="font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;">ocean absorbs over 1/3 carbon emissions made by humans every year
 * <span style="font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;">expected to take in 90% of emissions over the next millenium
 * <span style="font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;">as the CO2 level rises, the oceans will become more acidic - the surface's pH is expected to drop lower than it has been in 20 million years
 * <span style="font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;">the decrease in carbonate ion concentratio n has reduced reef development because certain corals fail to produce their CaCO3 skeletons
 * <span style="font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;">it's predicted that organisms using CaCO3 to produce a skeleton of any kind(protection or inner) will be more suceptable to destruction because they will be weaker
 * <span style="font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;">effects of decreases in calcium secreting organisms due to CO2 absorbed in the ocean will seguay into effects of the food chain in the ocean


 * U.S. Department of Energy's Brookhaven National Field study lead by: Peter Reich (University of Minnesota)**
 * The hypothesis was: plant diversity influences the effects the ecosystem in responding to increased CO2 and N
 * 6 20 meter plots for experiment on Cedar Creek in Minnesota - in 2x2 sub-plots they planted 1,4,9or16 different species of grassland plant
 * selection was chosen on random
 * 4 nitrogen absorbents were available
 * plants were monitored for an incredibly long time

info found: []
 * Findings showed that more biodiverse plots absorbed the CO2 and N that the plots were exposed to faster than less diverse ones

"ways we can help":
 * use alternate energy sources such as: Nuclear Power plants, Dams(hydro-electric) Tidal, wind, solar, etc
 * []
 * decrease use of cars and conserve electricity